Calcium phosphate stones form in which urine pH?

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Multiple Choice

Calcium phosphate stones form in which urine pH?

Explanation:
Calcium phosphate stones form when urine becomes alkaline because higher pH shifts phosphate into more deprotonated forms (like PO4^3−) that readily combine with calcium. This increases the tendency for calcium phosphate to precipitate as stones, since its solubility decreases in alkaline conditions. In acidic urine, phosphate is more protonated and calcium phosphate is more soluble, making precipitation less likely. This pattern helps explain why calcium phosphate stones are associated with alkaline urine, whereas uric acid stones form in acidic urine and struvite stones in alkaline urine due to infection.

Calcium phosphate stones form when urine becomes alkaline because higher pH shifts phosphate into more deprotonated forms (like PO4^3−) that readily combine with calcium. This increases the tendency for calcium phosphate to precipitate as stones, since its solubility decreases in alkaline conditions. In acidic urine, phosphate is more protonated and calcium phosphate is more soluble, making precipitation less likely. This pattern helps explain why calcium phosphate stones are associated with alkaline urine, whereas uric acid stones form in acidic urine and struvite stones in alkaline urine due to infection.

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